When and how did the British hand over control of Persia?

I believe you could call the British involvement with Iran, ';Indirect rule';. From what I can remember off the top of my head is they establish BP there and put the Shah as a puppet ruler , that is before the Iranian Revolution exiled him. I guess my question is did the British really lose out of their influence in ';Iran'; at that point? Who financially support the Khomeni fella? Was he not educated in France and left from there to take over power in Iran in 1979? Seems strange, for a wester power france to kind of aid him like they did.


Anybody can tell me basically the history of British power in Persia , how it was come about and how it got its ';independance'; (kind of)?





This new president they have is the new ';boogey man';? where did he come from? who hired him?When and how did the British hand over control of Persia?
It was part of the terrotory captured during the war.





You have to go back to the 18th century to see what was happening. The Qajars were a Turkmen tribe that held ancestral lands in present-day Azerbaijan, which then was part of Iran. In 1779, following the death of Mohammad Karim Khan Zand, the Zand Dynasty ruler of southern Iran, Agha Mohammad Khan, a leader of the Qajar tribe, set out to reunify Iran - establishing the Qajar dynasty. Agha Mohammad established his capital at Tehran, a village near the ruins of the ancient city of Ray (now Shahr-e Rey). In 1796 he was formally crowned as shah. Agha Mohammad was assassinated in 1797 and was succeeded by his nephew, Fath Ali Shah.





Under Fath Ali Shah, Iran went to war against Russia, which was expanding from the north into the Caucasus Mountains, but suffered major military defeats during the war. Under the terms of the Treaty of Golestan in 1813, Iran recognized Russia's annexation of Georgia and ceded to Russia most of the north Caucasus region. A second war with Russia in the 1820s ended even more disastrously for Iran, which in 1828 was forced to sign the Treaty of Turkmanchai acknowledging Russian sovereignty over the entire area north of the Aras River (territory comprising present-day Armenia and Republic of Azerbaijan).





Britian, Austria and France was also concernred about Russian expansion. France was an Ally of Syria at this time, and Britian had terrotory in Afghanistan, and India. They went to aid Greek independance in 1828, which resulted in the sinking of the Turkish and Egyptian navies at Navarone.





Fath Ali's reign saw increased diplomatic contacts with the West and the beginning of intense European diplomatic rivalries over Iran. His grandson Mohammad Shah, succeeded him in 1834. When Mohammad Shah died in 1848 the succession passed to his son Naser-e-Din, who proved to be the ablest and most successful of the Qajar sovereigns.





To prevent Russia expanding west, The french and English destroyed the naval facilities in the crimean, to allow the Turks to hold their southern border. which had the effect of Russia attempting to spread south again.





During Naser o-Din Shah's reign (1848 - 1896) Western science, technology, and educational methods were introduced into Iran and the country's modernization was begun. Naser o-Din Shah tried to exploit the mutual distrust between Great Britain and Russia to preserve Iran's independence, but foreign interference and territorial encroachment increased under his rule. He contracted huge foreign loans to finance expensive personal trips to Europe.





In 1856 Britain prevented Iran from reasserting control over Herat, which had been independant since the mid-18th century. Britain supported the city's incorporation into Afghanistan; a country Britain helped create in order to extend eastward the buffer between its Indian territories and Russia's expanding empire.





Meanwhile, by 1881 Russia had completed its conquest of present-day Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, bringing Russia's frontier to Iran's northeastern borders and severing historic Iranian ties to the cities of Bukhara and Samarqand. Without trade links to the silk road, Iran was forced by Russia to seek several trade concessions with Britian, thus it put economic affairs largely under British control.





Britian was trying to help the Iraian's set up a good government at this time, to put a strong border between them and Russia. When Naser o-Din Shah was assassinated by Mirza Reza Kermani in 1896, the crown passed to his son Mozaffar o-Din.





Mozaffar o-Din Shah was a weak and ineffectual ruler. Royal extravagance and the absence of incoming revenues exacerbated financial problems. The shah quickly spent two large loans from Russia, partly on trips to Europe.





People began to demand a curb on royal authority and the establishment of the rule of law as their concern over foreign, and especially Russian, influence grew.





The shah's failure to respond to protests by the religious establishment, the merchants, and other classes led the merchants and clerical leaders in January 1906 to take sanctuary from probable arrest in mosques. When the shah reneged on a promise to permit the establishment of a ';house of justice';, or consultative assembly, 10,000 people, led by the merchants, took sanctuary in June in the compound of the British legation in Tehran. In August the shah was forced to issue a decree promising a constitution. In October an elected assembly convened and drew up a constitution that provided for strict limitations on royal power, an elected parliament, or Majles, with wide powers to represent the people, and a government with a cabinet subject to confirmation by the Majles. The shah signed the constitution on December 30, 1906. He died five days later. The Supplementary Fundamental Laws approved in 1907 provided, within limits, for freedom of press, speech, and association, and for security of life and property.





The Constitutional Revolution marked the end of the medieval period in Iran. The hopes for constitutional rule were not realized, however. At the same time, the Anglo-Russian Agreement of 1907, Britain and Russia agreed to divide Iran into spheres of influence. The Russians were to enjoy exclusive right to pursue their interests in the northern sphere, the British in the south and east; both powers would be free to compete for economic and political advantage in a neutral sphere in the center.





Mozaffar o-Din's son Mohammad Ali Shah (reigned 1907-09), with the aid of Russia, attempted to rescind the constitution and abolish parliamentary government. After several disputes with the members of the Majlis, in June 1908 he used his Russian-officered Persian Cossacks Brigade to bomb the Majlis building, arrest many of the deputies, and close down the assembly. In July 1909, constitutional forces marched from Rasht and Esfahan to Tehran, deposed the shah, and re-established the constitution. The ex-shah went into exile in Russia.





Revolution and civil war had undermined stability and trade. In addition, the ex-shah, with Russian support, attempted to regain his throne, landing troops in July 1910. Matters came to a head when Morgan Shuster, a United States administrator hired as treasurer general by the Persian government to reform its finances, sought to collect taxes from the Russian zone. When in December 1911 the Majles unanimously refused a Russian ultimatum demanding Shuster's dismissal, Russian troops, already in the country, moved to occupy the capital. There followed a period of government by Bakhtiari chiefs and other powerful notables.





The occupation of Iran during World War I (1914-18) saw the Russians expelled by the Ottoman troops - it was a blow from which Ahmad Shah never effectively recovered. Britian Invaded to push out the Turkish forces. He was formally deposed by the Majles (national consultative assembly) in October 1925 while he was absent in Europe, and that assembly declared the rule of the Qajar dynasty to be terminated. Ahamd Shah died later on 21 February 1930 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.








In 1921 Reza Khan (later Reza Shah Pahlavi), an officer in Iran's only military force (Cossack Brigade) used his troops to support a coup against the government of Qajar Dynasty. Within four years he had established himself as the most powerful person in the country by suppressing rebellions and establishing order. In 1925 a specially convened assembly deposed Ahmad Shah, the last ruler of the Qajar dynasty, and named Reza Khan, who earlier had adopted the surname Pahlavi, as the new shah.





Reza Shah had ambitious plans for modernizing of Iran. These plans included developing large-scale industries, implementing major infrastructure projects, building a cross-country railroad system, establishing a national public education system, reforming the judiciary, and improving health care. He believed a strong, centralized government managed by educated personnel could carry out his plans.





He sent hundreds of Iranians including his son to Europe for training. During 16 years from 1925 and 1941, Reza Shah's numerous development projects transformed Iran to industrial, urbanized country. Reza Shah tried to avoid involvement with Britain and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; formed from the Russian Empire in 1922). But many of his development projects required foreign technical expertise. He avoid awarding contracts to British and Soviet Companies. Although Britain, through its ownership of the Angelo-Iranian Oil Company, controlled all of Iran's oil resources,





Reza Shah prefers to obtain technical assistance from Germany, France, Italy and other European countries. This made problems for Iran after 1939, when Germany and Britain became enemies in World War II. Reza Shah proclaimed Iran as a neutral country, but Britain insisted that German engineers and technicians in Iran were spies with missions to sabotage British oil facilities in southwestern Iran. Britain demanded that Iran expel all German citizens, but Reza Shah refused, claiming this would adversely impact his development projects.





Following Germany's invasion of the USSR in June 1941, Britain and the Soviet Union became allies. Both turned their attention to Iran. Britain and the USSR saw the newly opened Trans-Iranian Railroad as an attractive route to transport from Persian Gulf to the Soviet region. In August 1941, because of refusing to expel the German nationals, Britain and the USSR invaded Iran and arrested Reza Shah and sent him into exile, and took control of Iran's communications and coveted railroad. In 1942 the United States, an ally of Britain and the USSR during the war, sent a military force to Iran to help maintain and operate sections of the railroad. The British and Soviet authorities allowed Reza Shah's system of political to collapse and limited the constitutional government interfaces. They permitted Reza Shah's son, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi to succeed to the throne.





All parties withdrew, in 1945, but the US started to support the Shar. In the context of regional turmoil and the Cold War, the Shah established himself as an indispensable ally of the West. Domestically, he advocated reform policies, culminating in the 1963 program known as the White Revolution, which included land reform, the extension of voting rights to women, and the elimination of illiteracy.





These measures and the increasing arbitrariness of the Shah's rule provoked both religious leaders who feared losing their traditional authority and intellectuals seeking democratic reforms.





These opponents criticized the Shah for violation of the constitution, which placed limits on royal power and provided for a representative government, and for subservience to the United States. The shah's regime suppressed and marginalized its opponents with the help of Iran's security and intelligence organization, the Savak. Relying on oil revenues, which sharply increased in late 1973, the Shah pursued his goal of developing Iran as a mighty regional power dedicated to social reform and economic development. Yet he continually sidestepped democratic arrangements and civic or political liberties.





By the mid-1970s the Shah reigned amidst widespread discontent caused by the continuing repressiveness of his regime, socioeconomic changes that benefited some classes at the expense of others, and the increasing gap between the ruling elite and the disaffected populace. Islamic leaders, particularly the exiled cleric Ayatolah Khomeini, were able to focus this discontent with a populist ideology tied to Islamic principles and calls for the overthrow of the shah. The Shah's government collapsed following widespread uprisings in 1978 and 1979.When and how did the British hand over control of Persia?
Your question could be answered by any history book or wikipedia and you do have a very brief account of it by a previous post. The present ';boogie man'; as you call him is only so because that is what the west is calling him. Do not forget that they call GWB a ';boogie man'; and I am not at all sure they are wrong.
Persia (now Iran) is a country in south-west Asia. In the 19th century both Russia and Britain were keen to increase their influence over the Qajar dynasty in Persia. A revolution in December 1905 resulted in the introduction of modern reforms. Two years later Russia and Britain negotiated a new agreement with the Persian government. The Anglo-Russian Entente divided the country into sphere of interest, giving Britain economic control of the south and Russia the north. There was also a neutral zone in the centre that included Tehran. In 1909 the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (later BP) was founded and this helped to reinforce Britain's control over the southern part of Persia.





During the First World War Germany attempted to remove Britain and Russia from Persia. In the First World War. In 1915 Russia sent an army led by General Baratov to protect their economic interests in Persia. Baratov gradually forced the German soldiers from the north of the country.





Britain's main concern was to guard the Anglo-Persian oil refineries in the south of Persia. The British formed the South Persia Rifles and by the end of 1916 they had eliminated German influence over that part of the country.





After the Russian Revolution in 1917, pro-German tribesmen under Kuchik Khan rebelled against the Russian forces in the north of the country. Britain sent General Dunsterville and an elite group of British, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand soldiers from Mesopotamia. The Dunsterforce, as they became known, were soon able to regain control of the country.





The behaviour of the South Persia Rifles upset the Persian government and they were expelled in the spring of 1918. The following year an agreement was signed which secured British supervision of oil supplies from Persia.
The British occupied Iran in the beginning of the 20th century. The occupation was for oil. There was a rivalry between Britain and Russia over who would control Iran. After WWII, the British left, but had many interests there, like the British-Iranian Petroleum Company. Premier Mussadegh nationalized this company in 1951.